In the fauna of our planet, flat parasitic worms are mainly depicted by phased-out saucers (cat and liver bicarry) and tapeworms (bull and pork tapeworm, wide adhesive tape, Echinococcus).
Diseases caused by them are referred to as helminthia.The nutrients of the worms are absorbed with osmosis by a rotation hole or a surface of your body.
List of diseases
Helmintoses caused by flat helminths are classified according to various signs - the method of infection, the number of owners, life forms, etc.
Depending on the presence or absence of an intermediate host, 3 diseases are differentiated:
- Geogelmintosis,in which worms do not need a temporary owner.Worms for the GEO Gogelminthiasis are located in the human body, which the last master is for them.
- BioGelmintosis,Characterized by the fact that parasites (finally) need an intermediate in addition to the main host.
- HimenolepidosisOr in another way contagious (contact) helminthia in which parasites are transferred from person to person.From the human body, parasites are drawn by ripe and ready for another invasion.
Depending on the characteristics of development, pathogens are classified:
- According to the method of invasion;
- through the nature of life in the external environment;
- According to value in human pathology.
Invasia with cestodes can occur in different ways through the skin when worm eggs are swallowed with bite by insect carriers.The migration of parasites is often accompanied by a violation of the integrity of tissues and organs.
Important!In most cases, cestodes are located in the stomach intestine tract.But some types of helminths in other organs and systems - liver, lungs, bile ducts.
Helmintile is a common name for diseases caused by the presence of worms.Invasions of certain types of helminths often have specific names.Here are some of the diseases caused by certain types of flat parasites.
Teniarism is an illness that occurs during the infection with a bull chain.Invasia is characterized by pronounced toxic-allergic manifestations and dyspeptic disorders.
The tusiarin chose belongs to the Bielmintosis.This means that the bull tapeworm has the final (person) and intermediate hosts (cattle).The infection occurs through the introduction of the human body of worms when a wrongly cooked meat of an infected animal is eaten.The parasite is located in the intestine and attached to its walls with suction cups, which at the same time damage the integrity of the intestinal tissue.
The tusarin chose often runs without symptoms.However, the following manifestations of the disease take place in the event of a severe lesion:
- Dyspepsia;
- Brawl;
- bad appetite;
- plenty of salivation;
- Severity of the severity in Epigastria;
- Heartburn;
- vomit.
Teniosis is a helminthiasis caused by infection with pork chain.It is characterized by damage to individual organs (brain, eyes) and systemic diseases (dyspepsia, violating the functions of the central nervous system).
Pigworm is a striped worm that parasitically parasitically in the small intestine of a person.Parts of his body together with eggs that are secreted during the intestinal movements are eaten by pigs that become an intermediate host for the tapeworm.In addition to pigs, the role of the latter can play rabbits, dogs, rabbits and camels.One person is the only last master for Helfin.
Information!They are infected with a chain if you use an inadequate welded or fried pork, invasion through water and dirty hands is possible.
The clinical image of Tusien is similar to the manifestations of the teniarin chose, only more pronounced.People infected with the chain can get into short -term fainting.In the complicated form of fabric fabric and human organs, tapeworm eggs are influenced by the formation of incompetent larvae - cystic.Depending on the localization of the latter, serious violations of cardiac and brain activity, eyesight (including complete blindness) are possible.
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is caused by tapeworms with alveococcus and echinococcus.
The invasions develop with the participation of two owners:
- Intermediate (inadequate and herbivorous hunger, person) in which the larval form of the helminths parasitates;
- Finale (PS - Jackals, Wolves, Foxes), in which there are adults of worms.
Echinococcosis is transferred to a person of animals, ie they are in their kind of zoon invasions.The infection is carried out using eggs in the hand, vegetables, fruit.
The disease manifests itself in 2 forms:
- Single chamber (hydrate, zystic);
- and multi -chamber -echinococcose (alveocococcosis).
For humans, Echinococcose is the process of forming cysts (Finn) that arise in various organs - the heart, the liver, the lungs, the bones, the brain.Maybe the formation of metastases that resemble cancer.
Note!The clinic and the severity of the disease are determined by the size and number of cysts, their localization.The affected organs are exposed to dystrophic changes (parenchymatrophy, stroma sclerosis).Parasit metabolism products cause toxic-allergic reactions.The anaphylactic shock is not excluded with a break in a solemn cyst.
Himenolepidosis
The disease is caused by a dwarf worm - a relatively small helminth if we compare it to other representatives of this class.
The tapeworm divided a small head, neck and bodies into members.When his eggs get into the human body, they develop in a larva that is bound to the intestinal walls with villi.Larvae transform into young people (cystyceocoids) who are a medium stage between the helminth of the larva and adult.
A cystiscoid is a dwarf level of life for the owner, since cystic coid intestinal walls can destroy with the formation of inflammation and erosion.The human body reacts to the defeat of anemia and signs of poisoning.
Eggs are laid about adults of the tapeworm.When the helminth reaches a certain length, part of his body members break off with the eggs and runs out with feces.The other part stays in the intestine and continues its life cycle.
Invasia through the dwarf chain occurs when it drinks dirty water and undesigned, terrain made of vegetables and fruits when they have involved their hands on which there are eggs, faces and lips.
The hymenolepidose manifests itself on the basis of the following main symptoms:
- Fast weight loss;
- Stomach pain;
- Strong weakness.
The disease is diagnosed on the basis of the results of the faecher analysis.The treatment is carried out by synthetic drugs, the doctor prescribes the dose and the inclusion of the admission after examining the patient and examining the analysis data.
The main method to prevent infection is to adhere to cleanliness: frequent hand washing and showing, changing clothing, maintaining a bathroom with the help of effective disinfectants.
Danger for people
Invasia by cestodes (hymenolepidosis, diphyllobotriosis, tusiasis, cystycchose, shado -wirinchosis) are very dangerous diseases associated with impending complications of life.
It is worth knowing!The manifestation of helminthiasis can vary depending on systems and organs that are affected by worms and the degree of infection.Hyperactivity can take place with damage to the central nervous system, the inadequacy of behavior, paralysis, epileptic seizures.The patient can experience headaches and dizziness, weakness, insomnia.
Allergic reactions in the form of Quinckes edema, urticaria or food allergies often appear in response to infection.
Significant digestive disorders can be observed that manifest in the form of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, narrow stupid or sharp pain in the abdomen.In some cases, pancreatitis and cholecystitis can develop.The result of a violation of the functionality of the stomach intestine is usually a sharp weight loss.
Blood tests can demonstrate hypochrome anemia and eosinophilia.
prevention
Prevention is mainly reduced to compliance with personal hygiene rules.Without this, it is almost impossible to avoid infection and to be in an environment in which helminthen eggs are common.From the perspective of preventing the invasion, the correct heat treatment of meat and other products is no less important.
The main recommendations for prevention:
- Make sure you wash your hands if you return from the street before the meal after the reference of natural needs.
- Just eat clean, well -washed fruit and vegetables.
- Drink only cooked or filled water.Even filtered water can contain parasite eggs, not to mention the one who is delivered from the water supply without filtering.
- Avoid close contact with pets - not to let yourself be in bed, not to kiss.Check the "our smaller brothers" on helminthen regularly if necessary.
- Wash the bed linen more often and stroke underwear, especially baby.
- Keep your immunity on the right level.This allows the body to finish with HELMINTHIAS alone.
- Use circumstances that remain an increased risk of infection (business trip or tourist trip to exotic countries, in groups in which the invasion risk is high) the preventive absorption of antigle mints.However, this does not have to be done more than twice a year with a mandatory consultation with a doctor.
When the infection has occurred, medication is prescribed individually by the doctor.These are usually tablet medication.In severe cases, injections, drops and radiation are used.
The means of traditional medicine with their correct use are also effective in the fight against helminthia.